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2021年09月08日:仙女大星系方向的深空影像-(The Deep Sky Toward Andromeda)
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欢迎来到人生天地间
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2017年11月29日:M42:猎户座大星云-(M42: The Great Orion Nebula)
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2017年08月06日:银河与炸裂的流星-(Milky Way and Exploding Meteor)
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2024年02月11日:直指月亮的火箭烟尘影子-(Rocket Plume Shadow Points to the Moon)
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2023-11-26
2023年11月26日:源自彗星67P表面的尘埃喷流-(A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P)
2023年11月26日:源自彗星67P表面的尘埃喷流-(A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P)--原图下载{mtitle title="源自彗星67P表面的尘埃喷流"/}Image Credit: ESA, Rosetta, MPS, OSIRIS;UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDA说明: 彗星的彗尾来自何处呢?在彗星的彗核上,好像没有会发出喷流形成彗尾的特定位置。不过,在2016年欧洲航天局的罗塞塔号太空船,不但拍摄到一道源自彗星67P/丘泽的喷流,而且还直接穿过它。这幅说服力十足的主题影像,呈现了一道明亮的羽状烟尘,从紧贴着一座10米高墙的圆形凹地喷出。分析罗塞塔号的数据证实,这道喷流的组成是尘埃和水冰。这片崎岖不过很单调的原野显示,产生喷流的源头可能远在多孔的表面之下。这幅影像拍摄的时间点,大约在罗塞塔号进行受控撞击彗星67P表面终结任务的前二个月。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="A Dust Jet from the Surface of Comet 67P"/}Image Credit: ESA, Rosetta, MPS, OSIRIS;UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/UPM/DASP/IDAExplanation: Where do comet tails come from? There are no obvious places on the nuclei of comets from which the jets that create comet tails emanate. In 2016, though, ESA's Rosetta spacecraft not only imaged a jet emerging from Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, but flew right through it. Featured is a telling picture showing a bright plume emerging from a small circular dip bounded on one side by a 10-meter high wall. Analyses of Rosetta data show that the jet was composed of both dust and water-ice.The rugged but otherwise unremarkable terrain indicates that something likely happened far under the porous surface to create the plume. This image was taken about two months before Rosetta's mission ended with a controlled impact onto Comet 67P's surface.
2023年11月26日
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2021-06-23
2021年06月23日:星力的恆星形成模拟-(STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation)
2021年06月23日:星力的恆星形成模拟-(STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation)--原图下载2021 June 23 {mtitle title="星力的恆星形成模拟"/}Video & Text Credit: Michael Y. Grudić (Northwestern U.) et al., STARFORGE Collaboration; Music: Prelude, Op. 28, No. 4 in E Minor (Frédéric Chopin)说明: 恒星是如何形成的?恒星大多形成于星系盘面的巨分子云之内。而恒星形成过程的触发、影响及限制因子,则为恒星风、喷流、高能星光、和先前世代恒星的超新星爆炸。这部来自星力计算模拟的主题影片,呈现在一团质量为20,000倍太阳的气体云里,这些因子的複杂交互作用。在这部缩时的视象化影片里,较淡色的区域气体密度较高,色彩则标示气体的速率(紫色较慢,橙色为高速),而点为新形成恒星的位置。在这部影片开头时,一团宽约50光年的气体云,在本身重力的作用下开始聚集。在2百万年内,第一批恒星形成,而且新诞生的大质量恒星发出让人印象深刻的喷流。这项模拟定格在4百30万年,然后整个体积旋转提供3维视角。关于恒星形成目前还有非常多的未知,包括喷流在限制后续形成的恒星之质量所扮演的角色。(STARFORGE simulation 星力模拟){lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="STARFORGE: A Star Formation Simulation"/}Video & Text Credit: Michael Y. Grudić (Northwestern U.) et al., STARFORGE Collaboration; Music: Prelude, Op. 28, No. 4 in E Minor (Frédéric Chopin)Explanation: How do stars form? Most form in giant molecular clouds located in the central disk of a galaxy. The process is started, influenced, and limited by the stellar winds, jets, high energy starlight, and supernova explosions of previously existing stars.The featured video shows these complex interactions as computed by the STARFORGE simulation of a gas cloud 20,000 times the mass of our Sun.In the time-lapse visualization, lighter regions indicate denser gas, color encodes the gas speed (purple is slow, orange is fast), while dots indicate the positions of newly formed stars.As the video begins, a gas cloud spanning about 50 light years begins to condense under its own gravity. Within 2 million years, the first stars form, while newly formed massive stars are seen to expel impressive jets.The simulation is frozen after 4.3 million years, and the volume then rotated to gain a three-dimensional perspective.Much remains unknown about star formation, including the effect of the jets in limiting the masses of subsequently formed stars.
2021年06月23日
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2021-05-18
2021年05月18日:项鍊星云的喷流-(Jets from the Necklace Nebula)
2021年05月18日:项鍊星云的喷流-(Jets from the Necklace Nebula)--原图下载{mtitle title="项鍊星云的喷流"/}Image Credit: ESA, Hubble, NASA; Processing: K. Noll说明: 那种天体会挂着项鍊呢?首先,分析指出项鍊星云是个行星状星云,是一颗恒星在生命末期所抛出的气体云。此外,项圈上看似钻石的结构,其实是正在散发明亮辉光的物质结。这幅哈伯太空望远镜主题影像所呈现的项鍊星云,中心看似只有单颗恒星,但它可能是2颗极端密近、并共享大气层的互绕恒星。而影像左上及右下的泛红气体云,则是受到源自中心的喷流激发而发光现身的天体。不过究竟这些明亮喷流是如何形成的,至今仍是研究的题材。如想观赏年龄5,000多年、宽约5光年的项鍊星云,最佳的方式是用大望远镜巡礼北天的天箭座。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="Jets from the Necklace Nebula"/}Image Credit: ESA, Hubble, NASA; Processing: K. NollExplanation: What celestial body wears the Necklace Nebula?First, analyses indicate that the Necklace is a planetary nebula, a gas cloud emitted by a star toward the end of its life.Also, what appears to be diamonds in the Necklace are actually bright knots of glowing gas. In the center of the Necklace Nebula are likelytwo stars orbiting so close together that they share a common atmosphere and appear as one in the featured image by the Hubble Space Telescope. The red-glowing gas clouds on the upper left and lower right are the results of jets from the center. Exactly when and how the bright jets formed remains a topic ofresearch. The Necklace Nebula is only about 5,000 years old, spans about 5 light years, and can best be found with a large telescope toward the direction of the constellation of the Arrow (Sagitta).
2021年05月18日
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2021-04-21
2021年04月21日:半人马A的翘曲磁场-(Centaurus A's Warped Magnetic Fields)
2021年04月21日:半人马A的翘曲磁场-(Centaurus A's Warped Magnetic Fields)--原图下载{mtitle title="半人马A的翘曲磁场"/}Image Credit: Optical: European Southern Observatory (ESO) Wide Field Imager; Submillimeter: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy/ESO/Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX)/A.Weiss et al; X-ray and Infrared: NASA/Chandra/R. Kraft; JPL-Caltech/J. Keene; Text: Joan Schmelz(USRA)说明: 当星系互撞时,它们的磁场会受到什么影响?为得到答案,美国航太总署以波音747为平台的索菲亚天文台(SOFIA),观测半人马A极化尘埃发出的光,以找出它的磁场结构。半人马A不寻常的形状,源自二个星系的互撞,而受中心超大质量黑洞吸积的气体,则是驱动喷流的能源。在这幅主题影像里,由SOFIA得到的磁场线,叠加在ESO(可见光;白)、APEX(次毫米;橙)、钱德拉(X射线;蓝)和史匹哲(红外光;红)影像之上。影像里,星系外围的磁场平行于尘埃带,但中心附近则颇为扭曲。这是因为黑洞附近的重力加速离子,强化了该处的磁场。总结来说,星系互撞不但合併了星系的质量,也强化了它们的磁场。这些结果,让我们对星系合併较常发生的早期宇宙里,磁场如何演化有新的洞见。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="Centaurus A's Warped Magnetic Fields"/}Image Credit: Optical: European Southern Observatory (ESO) Wide Field Imager; Submillimeter: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy/ESO/Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX)/A.Weiss et al; X-ray and Infrared: NASA/Chandra/R. Kraft; JPL-Caltech/J. Keene; Text: Joan Schmelz(USRA)Explanation: When galaxies collide -- what happens to their magnetic fields?To help find out, NASA pointed SOFIA, its flying 747, at galactic neighbor Centaurus A to observe the emission of polarized dust -- which traces magnetic fields. Cen A's unusual shape results from the clash of two galaxies with jets powered by gas accreting onto a central supermassive black hole. In the resulting featured image, SOFIA-derived magnetic streamlines are superposed on ESO (visible: white), APEX (submillimeter: orange), Chandra (X-rays: blue), and Spitzer (infrared: red) images.The magnetic fields were found to be parallel to the dust lanes on the outskirts of the galaxy but distorted near the center. Gravitational forces near the black hole accelerate ions and enhance the magnetic field. In sum, the collision not only combined the galaxies’ masses -- but amplified their magnetic fields. These results provide new insights into how magnetic fields evolved in the early universe when mergers were more common.
2021年04月21日
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2020-07-12
2020年07月12日:丘泽彗星如何产生尘尾-(Comet CG Creates Its Dust Tail)
2020年07月12日:丘泽彗星如何产生尘尾-(Comet CG Creates Its Dust Tail)--原图下载{mtitle title="丘泽彗星如何产生尘尾"/}Image Credit & License: ESA, Rosetta, NAVCAM说明: 彗尾从何而来?在彗核上,最后形成彗尾的喷流,其实并不会源自特定的位置。 彗星喷流的最佳影像之一,可参见2014年到2016年间绕行丘泽彗星(Comet CG)的欧洲航天局.罗塞塔太空船,摄于2015年的这幅主题影像。 这张影像证实,随着丘泽彗星靠近太阳受热,羽状的气体尘埃从难以数计的位置冒出来。 这颗彗星有二个明显分瓣(大者宽度约4公里,小者宽约2.5公里),二者以一道细颈相连。分析指出这种蒸发发生在彗星表面下的深处,最后才以尘埃和冰喷流的形式穿出表面。 丘泽彗星(亦称为67P彗星)在周期6.44年的绕日轨道中,半径大约会缩减1公尺,依这个损耗率来推算,这颗彗星在数千年内就会完全销毁。 在2016年,罗塞塔太空船以受控撞击丘泽彗星表面的方式,终结其任务。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="Comet CG Creates Its Dust Tail"/}Image Credit & License: ESA, Rosetta, NAVCAMExplanation: Where do comet tails come from? There are no obvious places on the nuclei of comets from which the jets that create comet tails emanate. One of the best images of emerging jets is shown in the featured picture, taken in 2015 by ESA's robotic Rosetta spacecraft that orbited Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Comet CG) from 2014 to 2016. The picture shows plumes of gas and dust escaping numerous places from Comet CG's nucleus as it neared the Sun and heated up. The comet has two prominent lobes, the larger one spanning about 4 kilometers, and a smaller 2.5-kilometer lobe connected by a narrow neck.Analyses indicate that evaporation must be taking place well inside the comet's surface to create the jets of dust and ice that we see emitted through the surface. Comet CG (also known as Comet 67P) loses in jets about a meter of radius during each of its 6.44-year orbits around the Sun, a rate at which will completely destroy the comet in only thousands of years.In 2016, Rosetta's mission ended with a controlled impact onto Comet CG's surface.
2020年07月12日
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2020-01-27
2020年01月27日:蒸发中的丘泽彗星-(Comet CG Evaporates)
2020年01月27日:蒸发中的丘泽彗星-(Comet CG Evaporates)--原图下载{mtitle title="蒸发中的丘泽彗星"/}Image Credit & License: ESA, Rosetta, NAVCAM说明: 彗尾从何而来?在彗核上,最后形成彗尾的喷流,其实并不会源自特定的位置。彗星喷流的最佳影像之一,可参见2014年到2016年间绕行丘泽彗星(Comet CG)的欧洲航天局.罗塞塔太空船,摄于2015年的这幅主题影像。这张影像证实,随着丘泽彗星靠近太阳受热,羽状的气体尘埃从难以数计的位置冒出来。这颗彗星有二个明显分瓣,大者宽度约4公里,较小者宽约2.5公里,二者以一道细颈相连。分析指出这种蒸发发生在彗星表面下的深处,最后才以尘埃和冰喷流的形式穿出表面。丘泽彗星(亦称为67P彗星)在周期6.44年的绕日轨道中,半径大约会缩减1公尺,依这个损耗率来推算,这颗彗星在数千年内就会完全销毁。在2016年,罗塞塔太空船以受控撞击丘泽彗星表面的方式,终结其任务。{lamp/}原文:{mtitle title="Comet CG Evaporates"/}Image Credit & License: ESA, Rosetta, NAVCAMExplanation: Where do comet tails come from? There are no obvious places on the nuclei of comets from which the jets that create comet tails emanate. One of the best images of emerging jets is shown in the featured picture, taken in 2015 by ESA's robotic Rosetta spacecraft that orbited Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (Comet CG) from 2014 to 2016. The picture shows plumes of gas and dust escaping numerous places from Comet CG's nucleus as it neared the Sun and heated up. The comet has two prominent lobes, the larger one spanning about 4 kilometers, and a smaller 2.5-kilometer lobe connected by a narrow neck.Analyses indicate that evaporation must be taking place well inside the comet's surface to create the jets of dust and ice that we see emitted through the surface. Comet CG (also known as Comet 67P) loses in jets about a meter of radius during each of its 6.44-year orbits around the Sun, a rate at which will completely destroy the comet in only thousands of years.In 2016, Rosetta's mission ended with a controlled impact onto Comet CG's surface.
2020年01月27日
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